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John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom (; (ギリシア語:Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος)), c. 349 – 407,〔The exact date of John's birth is in question, and dates between 344 and 349 are often given, and limits set at 340 and 350 (Kelly 296). In the most recent general biography of Chrysostom, eminent patristics scholar JND Kelly, after a review of the evidence and literature, favours 349 as the date that best fits all available evidence, in agreement with Robert Carter. See Kelly, ''Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom: Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop'', Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1998: originally published Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995), p. 4 fn. 12; esp. 296–298 ''passim''. For a concurring analysis which is followed in most recent reconstructions of the early life of Chrysostomos, see Robert Carter, "The Chronology of St. John Chrysostom's Early Life", in ''Traditio'' 18:357–64 (1962). For a discussion of alternatives, often in older literature, see especially G. Ettlinger, ''Traditio'' 16 (1960), pp. 373–80, Jean Dumortier, "La valeur historique du dialogue de Palladius et la chronologie de saint Jean Chrysostome", ''Mélanges de science religieuse'', 8:51–56 (1951)〕 Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the ''Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom'', and his ascetic sensibilities. The epithet ''Χρυσόστομος'' (''Chrysostomos'', anglicized as Chrysostom) means "golden-mouthed" in Greek and denotes his celebrated eloquence.〔〔Pope Vigilius, ''Constitution of Pope Vigilius'', pg. 553〕
The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches honor him as a saint and count him among the Three Holy Hierarchs, together with Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus. He is recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church as a saint and as a Doctor of the Church. Churches of the Western tradition, including the Roman Catholic Church, some Anglican provinces, and some Lutheran churches, commemorate him on 13 September. Some other Lutheran churches and Anglican provinces commemorate him on the traditional Eastern feast day of 27 January. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria also recognize him as a saint (with feast days on 16 Thout and 17 Hathor).〔(Coptic synaxarium )〕
==Biography==
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